Burrell: 'I wanted to continue playing'
Warning: This article contains details of discriminatory language and behaviour
Ex-England player Luther Burrell claims that going public to expose racial discrimination in professional rugby led his professional journey to an premature end.
In a June 2022, Burrell described racism as being "rife" in the sport, showing digital communications and recalling training ground "jokes" he had been subject to while representing Newcastle.
At that time 34 and without a team, Burrell's only elite playing since has been a handful of games with guest team the Barbarians.
"I have absolutely had to end my career because of what went on," he told reporters.
"I really wanted to continue playing, naturally I did. I pursued that, and it fell through when news came out that there were investigations going on.
"This situation was challenging - I had to just accept the fate and understand that this entire process is a lot bigger than me."
A rugby governing body investigation in 2023 found Burrell's allegations were accurate "on the balance of probability", but stated it could not collect sufficient proof to categorically say they happened at Newcastle.
Luther Burrell started all of England's international games in 2014 and 2015, but was surprisingly excluded for their squad for the 2015 tournament
Burrell told journalists he also encountered discrimination within the England team environment, during a Test career that saw him win 15 appearances after his debut in February 2014.
"I have had several traumatic experiences within the national team," he said.
"Some discrimination and other just old-school mentality that's really inappropriate."
Racism had become accepted in dressing rooms, in Burrell's experience.
"It's something that has been dressed up as humour and that's been the issue that I've myself experienced and witnessed," said Burrell, who is of Jamaican heritage.
"Over a period of time you just begin to think that it's the standard and that is acceptable and that it's not harmful, but that's incorrect."
Burrell says he was finally motivated to go public after a fellow player at Newcastle referred to him as a "enslaved person" and instructed him to put sunscreen on his arms and legs "where your shackles were."
The rugby authority said Burrell's disclosures had led to "increased scrutiny at the environment within the elite game and to the implementation of an action plan for the elite level."
"The organization has placed considerable attention on inclusion and inclusion in the sport and a great deal of work undertaken both prior and since Luther Burrell spoke publicly and revealed his encounters of racism and class discrimination," it added.
"We are ongoing work with clubs and stakeholders in the elite level to strive for a culture of acceptance but recognize this takes time and is an ongoing process."
All Prem and women's rugby club now has in-person training on creating welcoming cultures, with its effectiveness monitored via individual reports and surveys.
All England athletes, including age-grade squads, are educated in being "active bystanders" to intervene and defend others from harmful behaviour.
"You be so proud of what you have done," Burrell's mother Joyce told him as part of the film Luther Burrell - Rugby, Racism and Redemption.
"I know it has had this impact on you and ended your career, but in our eyes, you have done so well. We are so impressed of you and to have you as a son."
Burrell's dad Geoff died shortly after the filming of the documentary, and his sister died recently.
Burrell, who was raised on a council estate in his hometown, maintains his work to make the sport more accessible.
His 12 Foundation aims to reach children in disadvantaged communities and support them succeed on and off the pitch with complimentary sports coaching, guidance and nutrition education.
"My personal intentions are genuine, I want to see the evolution of the game and if nobody else is willing to share their story then I'll persist to fight that cause because I'm not just pursuing this for my own benefit," he explained.
"We have an responsibility to make the sport as excellent as it can be and the more I talk about it perhaps the more confident fellow players will feel about sharing their own stories as well.
"I take the bull by the horns and keep bearing this flag and keep carrying this weight and accomplish what I can to create possibilities and make the game more attractive and more inclusive.
"There's a lot of underprivileged children and a lot of economic hardship and I honestly think that rugby has the potential to transform their lives, just as it did for me."
Burrell scored a try for the Barbarians on a comeback to former club Northampton in late 2022